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REFERENCES 1 http://www.abiosus.org/workshop-2022.html (accessed: February 2023) 2 a) OECD/FAO (2020), OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020-2029, FAO, Rome/OECD Publishing, Paris 2020,Annex C, Table C.2. Vegetable oil consumption was also projected to grow by about 1.4%. SP [ sp [2] SP a] sp Though, it was already stated in this Outlook that the pandemic spread of COVID-19 has resulted in a reduction of mobility with substantial implications for away-from-home consumption. Overall, vegetable oil production was projected in 2020 in the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook to increase globally by about 1.4% p.a., mainly driven by food demand in developing countries as a result of population and income growth. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of European Journal of Lipid Science & Technology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Nowadays, lignin is a byproduct of the agricultural and cellulose pulp mill. Lignin is a sustainable, renewable raw material alternative to petroleum‐based chemicals, mainly for the benzene–toluene–xylene (BTX) production of commodities and the sequential secondary, tertiary and manufactured products in the petrochemical industry. It can be mass produced and is used for renewable energy biorefinery or high‐value‐added products. This review aims to outline the important lignin depolymerization technologies and the feasibility of imposing these transforming technologies on a large scale. Finally, this review examines the market prospects for BTX, revealing its R&D progress. However, the harmful effects of BTX and unfavorable conditions resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemic comprise roadblocks to its growth. However, the increasing use of biobased BTX is expected to open new market opportunities. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
The global supply chain is experiencing ongoing turmoil after COVID-19, which inevitably affects the supply and demand of the chemical industry. Ethylene plants are regarded as one of the most profitable chemical industry chains, and thus, there is a need to track fluctuations in the supply chain and responsively adjust their operations and scheduling decisions to achieve optimal economic benefits. However, previous studies about ethylene cracking optimization are mostly limited to fixed supply chain parameters and cannot meet the need for real-time updates according to supply chain fluctuations. To address this problem, we propose an ethylene cracking optimization framework which combines parameter prediction and receding horizon optimization (predictive RHO) for real-time optimal operation and scheduling under supply chain fluctuations. This optimization framework uses historical supply chain data (supply quantities, feedstock prices, and product prices) to predict future parameters and uses the predicted parameters to optimize the operation and scheduling of ethylene cracking furnace systems in a receding horizon way. Two industrial case studies were used to validate the efficacy of the proposed optimization framework. In case 1, the predictive-RHO framework achieved comparable economic profits of 147,370 and 146,483 $/day without violating daily inventory constraints (vs 151,204 $/day from the original model violating inventory constraints) and a faster calculation speed of 40 s (vs 32 min) under two fluctuating feed supply modes. In case 2, predictive RHO improves economic profits by 1.8% through integrating operations with scheduling and 1.1% by tracking the feed and product price fluctuations. These two cases show the strong capability of predictive RHO in tracking supply chain fluctuations and improving the inventory management level as well as the economic profits of ethylene cracking plants. © 2023 American Chemical Society.
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Posting of workers is a common reality in all EU Member States and in all export-oriented industries. The problem relates to existing travel restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and in the context of the carbon footprint of business travel. In this context, the development of new Industry 4.0 technologies plays a significant role. The aim of the article is to identify the impact of Industry 4.0 technology on the international posting of workers in light of the COVID-19 pandemic on example of the German chemical industry. The basis of the analysis are two factor conditions of the Diamond Model of M.E. Porter: innovation and human capital. A qualitative study was conducted with experts in Industry 4.0 that regularly post workers. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the pace of technology adoption (especially Augmented Reality cluster). Industry 4.0 technologies enable companies to reduce the posting of workers. For this purpose, IT skills are now the most important, followed by communication, flexibility, and openness, as well as soft, team and didactic skills. JEL Codes: F23, J61, O33 © The Author(s) 2023.
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Pharmaceutical systems are framed in a healthy spirit, with the strategic objective at both, national and international level. With the aim of building long-term sustainable economic and social development, the very function of the pharmaceutical systems has emerged to be of a crucial strategic value for nations, in the sense of capacity to rapidly produce needed medication to treat and prevent disease. This study analyzes how the pharmaceutical industry, has been rearranged to give a priority to prevention and treatment of health care, then to other lines of activity. Analyses further examines how the financing of this industry involves more than financial funds and how artificial intelligence can help humanity to fight Covid-19 and future pandemics. This research was conducted through successive interviews with representatives of public institutions, in charge of developing financial and budgetary policy, representatives of the chemical industry, pharmaceutical, and medical industries, as well as representatives of higher education institutions specializing in medicine and pharmaceuticals. This research concludes that development of the pharmaceutical sector is still largely affected by various economic policy objectives, and subject to sufficient, stable, and dedicated funding. One of the conclusions derived from this study is the necessity to help public health agencies perform key public health functions such as assessments, and policy, to ensure that communities have access to the minimum package of public health services on global bases. © 2021 ACM.
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The increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak, necessitates the search for natural immune- and cognitive-enhancing agents. 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10-H2DA), the main fatty acid of royal jelly, has several pharmacological activities. Given the fundamental role of astrocytes in regulating immune responses of the central nervous system, we used cortical astrocytes to examine the effect of 10-H2DA on the expression of genes associated with neuroinflammation and the production of neurotrophins, as well as cellular resistance to H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Astrocytes, pretreated with a range of concentrations of 10-H2DA for 24 h, were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 3 h, after which the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, and IGF-1) was evaluated. In the absence of LPS, 10-H2DA had no significant effect on the mRNA expression of neurotrophins or cytokines except for IL-1β, which significantly increased with low doses of 10-H2DA (3 µM). 10-H2DA (10 µM) pretreatment of LPS-stimulated cells did not significantly inhibit the expression of cytokine encoding genes;however, it significantly lowered the mRNA expression of GDNF and tended to decrease BDNF and IGF-1 expression compared with LPS alone. Additionally, 10-H2DA did not protect astrocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Our data indicate no anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or neurotrophic effect of 10-H2DA in astrocytes undergoing inflammation or oxidative stress. The effect of IGF-1 inhibition by 10-H2DA on neuronal ketogenesis needs investigation.
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[...]the investment in hydrogen should support sustainable growth and job creation, which will be critical when recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. Hydrogen production technologies by primary energy sources: - Coal * coal gasification, * CCS (carbon capture and storage of CO2), * CCU (carbon capture and utility of CO2);- Natural gas or crude oil * steam reforming, * by-product in refining processes, * separation from coke oven gas, * pyrolysis. The energy potential of hydrogen and the fact that it is the most popular element on Earth provide grounds for the claim that it will soon become one of the main energy carriers used in the world. [...]it is highly probable that the hydrogen market will contribute to the comprehensive development and will enable the achievement of the goal of obtaining climate neutrality in energy-intensive sectors of the economy. [...]of appropriate support for research and development, our country has the opportunity to use the scientific potential and expert experience in the field of hydrogen technologies, relying on its own innovative technologies.
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The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the Fama-French model are of great significance to the study of all aspects of the capital market, which lays the foundation of modern finance. This paper analyzes both data before Covid-19 and after Covid-19, which are daily data with the same time length in the chemistry industry. It finds that Covid-19 makes a significant impact on the chemistry industry due to its negative influence on economics. The data were adopted from Kenneth R. French's database and fitted with the Fama-French five-factor model. After data processing, the T-value used for significant testing and five corresponding coefficients is obtained using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that Covid-19 causes an anomaly because the intercept is significant after the epidemic, a decrease of market sensitivity from changes of market factor, investors' more attention to the companies that have a good ability to gain profitability by analyzing RMW, and better returns for the companies with high book-to-market ratios due to HML. Besides, SMB and CMA factors are redundant. In conclusion, the influence made by Covid-19 on the chemistry industry is significant, and the investors are recommended to pay attention to companies with robust profitability and high book-to-market. © 2021 ACM.